Ptychostomum lonchocaulon

(Müller Hal.) J. R. Spence

Phytologia 87: 21. 2005.

Basionym: Bryum lonchocaulon Müller Hal. Flora 58: 93. 1875
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 161. Mentioned on page 157, 159, 160.

Plants in dense or open turfs, green or yellow-green. Stems 1–2 (–3) cm, comose, innovations comose or somewhat elongate and evenly foliate; somewhat radiculose. Leaves green, twisted to contorted when dry, ovatelanceolate, flat to weakly concave, (1–) 2–3 mm, not much enlarged toward stem apex; base not decurrent; margins revolute to mid leaf or beyond, limbidium strong, in (2–) 3–4 (–6) rows, concolorous; apex acuminate; costa long-excurrent, awn ± smooth; proximal laminal cells 3–4: 1, same width or sometimes wider than more distal cells; medial and distal cells rhomboidal, (12–) 14–20 µm wide, 3–4: 1, walls thin to firm, never oblique to costa. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Sexual condition polyoicous, mixed synoicous and with male-only gametangia. Seta 1–2 (–3) cm. Capsule brown, elongate-pyriform, symmetric, 2–4 mm, mouth yellow; operculum conic, apiculate; peristome well developed; exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae usually straight mid-tooth, pores absent along mid line; endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane high, 1/2 exostome height, segments with broadly ovate perforations, cilia long, appendiculate. Spores (12–) 14–18 (–20) µm, finely papillose, pale brown-yellow or green.


Phenology: Capsules mature May–Sep.
Habitat: Dry to damp soil
Elevation: low to high elevations (0-3500 m)

Distribution

V28 255-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Que., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Minn., Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Eurasia

Discussion

Ptychostomum lonchocaulon is very similar to P. creberrimum, differing in sexual condition and its stronger, non-yellowish limbidium. In North America, P. lonchocaulon is primarily a western species, disjunct in Minnesota. The species has not generally been accepted by most workers, thus its world distribution is poorly known. V. I. Zolotov (2000) gave a good description of the species and its polyoicous sexual condition.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"narrower" is not a number."narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Ptychostomum lonchocaulon"
acuminate +
John R. Spence +
(Müller Hal.) J. R. Spence +
denticulate +
reduced +
curved +  and straight +
not decurrent +
Bryum lonchocaulon +
cucullate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
nutant +, inclined +  and suberect +
long-exserted +
elongate-pyriform +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
inflated +
not differentiated +
appendiculate +
long-excurrent +
subpercurrent +
rhomboidal;hexagonal +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Que. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +  and Eurasia +
low to high elevations (0-3500 m) +
hyaline;pale-yellow +
not adherent +
hyaline +, brown +, orange +  and yellow +
hyaline +  and yellow +
synoicous +  and polyoicous +
Dry to damp soil +
not +  and differentiated +
narrowly ovatelanceolate;triangular +
polyoicous +, monoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
imbricate;variously contorted +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
erect;erect-spreading +
flat +  and weakly concave +
enlarged +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
2-stratose +  and 1-stratose +
revolute entire +  and denticulate +
1 (?) +, 3 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
short-rectangular +  and quadrate +
lateral +  and terminal +
lateral +  and terminal +
diplolepidous-alternate +
Capsules mature May–Sep. +
differentiated +
smooth;papillose +
not absent +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
straight +  and flexuose +
elongate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
green +  and pale brown-yellow +
germinating +
variable +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Ptychostomum lonchocaulon +
Ptychostomum subg. Cladodium +
species +
lanceolate +
distinct +
not +  and porose +
straight +
specialized +
sexual +  and asexual +
sinuate +
incrassate +
yellow-green +  and green +
large;small to very +