Persicaria setacea

(Baldwin) Small

Fl. S.E. U.S., 379. 1903.

Common names: Bog smartweed
Endemic
Basionym: Polygonum setaceum Baldwin in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455. 1817
Synonyms: Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldwin) Gleason Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum Fernald Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 588. Mentioned on page 583, 587.

Plants perennial, 5–15 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes produced on plants in water. Stems ascending or erect, branched distally, slightly ribbed, glabrous or loosely appressed to spreading-hirsute near nodes. Leaves: ocrea brown, cylindric, 10–20 mm, chartaceous, base usually inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 6–12 mm, surface strigose and with loosely ascending to spreading hairs at least proximally, not glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, spreading-hirsute, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate, (3–) 6–15 (–18) × (1.5–) 2–3.2 (–4.8) cm, base tapered to truncate, margins appressed-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, faces sparsely hirsute to loosely appressed hirsute abaxially and adaxially. Inflorescences mostly terminal, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 4–8 mm; peduncle 10–70 mm, strigose; ocreolae overlapping, margins ciliate with bristles (0.6–) 1–3 (–5) mm. Pedicels ascending, 1–3 mm. Flowers (1–) 2–4 (–5) per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, creamy or tan distally, occasionally tinged pink, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 2–3 mm, veins not prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. Achenes included or apex exserted, brown to black, 3-gonous, (1.5–) 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm, shiny, smooth. 2n = 20.


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Alluvial woods, swamp forests
Elevation: 0-300 m

Distribution

V5 1199-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Wash.

Discussion

C. B. McDonald (1980) showed that Persicaria setacea is closely related to P. hirsuta and P. hydropiperoides. Hybrids between P. setacea and P. hirsuta have been produced experimentally but appear to be rare in the wild. Persicaria setacea and P. hydropiperoides occasionally occur in mixed populations but do not hybridize (McDonald). Persicaria setacea sometimes intergrades morphologically with P. hydropiperoides, especially in New England. Specimens of P. setacea without the characteristic ascending or spreading hairs on the ocreae usually can be distinguished from P. hydropiperoides by the extent of adnation of the hairs to the ocreae—up to one-third their lengths in P. setacea, but one-third to two-thirds their lengths in P. hydropiperoides.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Persicaria setacea"
dark-brown;black +
exserted +  and included +
spheroidal +, 2-3-gonous +, biconvex +  and discoid +
red +  and pink +
elliptic +  and ovate +
obtuse;rounded +
not +  and swollen +
Harold R. Hinds† +  and Craig C. Freeman +
(Baldwin) Small +
tapered to truncate +  and inflated +
Polygonum setaceum +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
3.2 cm32 mm <br />0.032 m <br /> (4.8 cm48 mm <br />0.048 m <br />) +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
lanceolate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3.2 cm32 mm <br />0.032 m <br />) +
lunate +, triangular +  and dark +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Bog smartweed +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +  and Wash. +
0-300 m +
sparsely hirsute +  and loosely appressed hirsute +
adnate +, connate +  and distinct +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Alluvial woods, swamp forests +
not glandular-punctate +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
brown +  and black +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
ciliate +  and appressed-ciliate +
entire +  and truncate +
ciliate +  and eciliate +
swollen +
disintegrating +
deciduous +  and persistent +
scabrous +  and variously pubescent +
cylindric +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
accrescent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
tinged pink;tan;creamy;greenish +
not glandular-punctate +
campanulate +
nonaccrescent +
spreading-hirsute +
not auriculate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Flowering Jul–Oct. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
Fl. S.E. U.S., +
slender;stout +
scandent +  and prostrate +
erect +  and ascending +
spreading-hirsute +  and glabrous +
penicillate +, fimbriate +  and capitate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
deciduous +
exserted +  and included +
loosely ascending;spreading +
Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum +, Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum +  and Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum +
Persicaria setacea +
Persicaria sect. Persicaria +
species +
obovate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
not prominent +
not anchor--shaped +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, fibrous-rooted +  and taprooted +
12 +, 11 +  and 10 +