Mesembryanthemum

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 480. 1753.

,

Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 215. 1754.

Common names: Iceplant
Etymology: Greek mesembria, midday, and anthemum, blo oming
Synonyms: Cryophytum N. E. Brown Gasoul Adanson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page 76, 77.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA4 P16 Mesembryanthemum crytallinum.jpegMesembryanthemum crystallinum
Carpobrotus edulis
Conicosia pugioniformis
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi

Herbs, annual or perennial, usually short-lived, succulent, usually conspicuously papillate, glabrous. Roots fibrous. Stems prostrate to ascending. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, sessile or petiolate; stipules absent; blade reddish with age, flat or terete, margins often undulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts absent or 1–2, sessile or pedicellate. Flowers showy, 4–10 [–20] mm diam., tubular; calyx lobes (4–) 5, 2 often leaflike; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 20–40 [–150], distinct or connate into short tube, free, white, pink, or yellowish, linear; nectary glands 5; stamens 30 [–120]; pistil (4–) 5-carpellate; ovary half-inferior, (4–) 5-loculed, convex; placentation axile; stigmas (4–) 5, erect, filiform. Fruits capsules, persistent, valves (4–) 5, with expanding interior keels when moistened, forming capsule lids when dried, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 100–200, black or dark [light] reddish-brown [ochre or whitish], compressed [globose], often with 1 straight edge, 1 mm, smooth to rough with minute tubercles; arils absent.

Distribution

Introduced; s, w Africa, also in Mexico, South America, Europe (Mediterranean), Asia, Atlantic Islands, Australia

Discussion

Species 74 (2 in the flora).

As described here, Mesembryanthemum is the narrowly delineated genus sensu H. M. L. Bolus (1928–1958, part 3, p. 164, fig. 25).

The ability of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and M. nodiflorum to accumulate and release salt into the surrounding soil is one mechanism by which these species dominate disturbed areas (N. J. Vivrette and C. H. Muller 1977; N. J. Vivrette 1980).

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaves flat; flowers 7-10 mm diam Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
1 Leaves ±terete; flowers 4-5 mm diam Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum
... more about "Mesembryanthemum"
Nancy J. Vivrette +
Linnaeus +
terete +  and flat +
pedicellate +  and sessile +
1 +  and 2 +
appendaged +, hooded +  and petaloid +
Iceplant +
s +, w Africa +, also in Mexico +, South America +, Europe (Mediterranean) +, Asia +, Atlantic Islands +  and Australia +
straight +
Greek mesembria, midday, and anthemum, blo oming +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
indehiscent +, circumscissile +, dehiscence +, septicidal +  and loculicidal +
axillary +  and terminal +
petiolate +  and sessile +
opposite +  and alternate +
cauline +  and basal +
undulate +
(4-)5-loculed +
half-inferior +
yellowish;pink;yellowish;pink;white +
free +, connate +  and distinct +
(4-)5-carpellate +
Sp. Pl. +  and Gen. Pl. ed. +
1753 +  and 1754 +
dark reddish-brown +  and black +
papillose +
compressed +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
connate +  and distinct +
mat-forming +
underground +
prostrate +  and ascending +
filiform +
adnate +  and free +
connate +  and distinct +
Cryophytum +  and Gasoul +
Mesembryanthemum +
Aizoaceae +
short-lived +, perennial +  and annual +