Hermannia texana

A. Gray

Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 88, plate 135. 1849.

Common names: Texas burstwort
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 208. Mentioned on page 207, 209.

Plants 50–70 cm, densely stellate-tomentose to glabrescent. Stems usually ascending to erect, sometimes decumbent, stellate-tomentose, inconspicuously glandular. Leaves: stipule triangular, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, adaxially both stellate and simple hairs present; petiole 12–27 × 0.8–2 mm, eglandular; blade olive, unlobed, sometimes 1–2 (–6) -lobuled, elliptic to oblate, narrowly ovate to widely ovate, oblong-ovate, orbiculate, or depressed-obovate, rounded, rounded-obtuse, or broadly obtuse, rarely acute. Inflorescence subunits at leaf-axils, 1–7-flowered. Pedicels 1–3 mm. Flowers 7–12 × 3.2–5.6 mm fresh; calyx 6.5–8.5 × 4–6.4 mm, stellate-hispidulous or stellate-tomentose and minutely glandular abaxially, with tufted trichomes at base adaxially over globular nectaries between hairless nectiferous bands, tube 2.5–4.5 × 5–7 mm, lobes widely deltate, 2–3 mm wide, margins simple-setose, apex acuminate, setose, adaxially villous; corolla urn or barrel-shaped, 8–9 mm curved, 10–12 mm flat, aperture terminal, never opening wider, petals erect, never spreading, convolute, yellow, becoming yellow-orange to red-orange, pandurate if spread out, 8.4–12 × 3.4–5.9 mm, base clawed, claw distinct, narrowly obtriangular, 4–5.2 × 1.6–2 mm, lamina widely concave between sides (fresh), widely obovate if flattened, distally densely capitate-glandular abaxially; stamens 6.2–9 mm; filaments dark yellow, edges pale-yellow, midvein prominent abaxially; stamen tube connate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.5 mm; free filaments 3.2–3.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm; anthers 2.6–3.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm; theca: base rounded, eglandular, apex acuminate, stellate-bristled, with conspicuous gland; ovary 1.7–2.3 × 1.8–2.4 mm, lanate; gynophore 1.8–2.5 mm; ovules 6–14 per locule; styles connate completely or to 1 mm below apex in fresh and rehydrated specimens, 3.9–5.8 mm, glabrous or scant simple-hirtellous near ovary; stigmas erect or ascending, apex acute, not papillate. Capsules broadly depressed-ovoid to broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 7–12 mm, delicately stellate-tomentose, sparsely fringed (over nerves) and valve margins densely fringed, fringe processes flexible, filiform, 0.9–3.2 mm, tomentose along length below apex and at apex, trichome rays of terminal trichome of each fringe process ascending, fine, only slightly firmer or slightly longer than trichome rays of proximal hairs below apex; stipe 1.8–3 mm; exocarp membranaceous, mesocarp chartaceous, endocarp corneous, rigid, not fissured; calyx-tube 3.4–5.9 mm wide in fruit; dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 0–6 per cell, 1.3–1.7 × 1.3–1.6 × 0.6–0.7 mm, sinus obtuse, shallowly triangular, covered by narrowly transversely rhombic elaiosome; embryo ± V-shaped, cotyledons narrowly elliptic, papillose and simple-hirsutulous adaxially. 2n = ca. 24.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting Mar–Nov.
Habitat: Upland prairies, juniper-oak woodlands, Tamaulipan scrub or chaparral, salt-marsh borders, coastal dunes, on granite, limestone, or dry, calcareous soil, clay-loams or black silt, rocky hillsides, streambeds, canyons
Elevation: 20–700 m

Distribution

V6 371-distribution-map.jpg

Tex., Mexico (Coahuila), Mexico (Nuevo León), Mexico (Tamaulipas)

Discussion

Hermannia texana is found in the Texas upland prairies and coastal plain regions. It occurs usually in scattered colonies and sometimes is locally common. Plants are eaten by deer, sheep, goats, and cows.

Leaves of Hermannia texana are variable in shape and size. A. Gray (1850) later corrected the corolla color to cinnabar, and the corolla attitude to be convolute and erect, never spreading as originally figured and described.

Fresh flower styles are usually coherent completely or to 1 mm below the recurved apex. The flowers attract halictid and anthophorid bees. The large bee Centris atripes Mocsary is probably an effective pollinator (Saunders, unpubl.).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"wider" is not a number.

... more about "Hermannia texana"
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
lanceolate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
yellow-orange +  and red-orange +
0.84 cm8.4 mm <br />0.0084 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
spreading +  and erect +
pandurate +
0.34 cm3.4 mm <br />0.0034 m <br /> (0.59 cm5.9 mm <br />0.0059 m <br />) +
simple-hirtellous +, scant +, glabrous +, villous +  and setose +
not papillate +
acute;stellate-bristled;acuminate;acuminate +
0.39 cm3.9 mm <br />0.0039 m <br /> (0.58 cm5.8 mm <br />0.0058 m <br />) +
Janice G. Saunders +
A. Gray +
rounded +  and clawed +
acute +, elliptic +  and oblate narrowly ovate +
0.34 cm3.4 mm <br />0.0034 m <br /> (0.59 cm5.9 mm <br />0.0059 m <br />) +
0.65 cm6.5 mm <br />0.0065 m <br /> (0.85 cm8.5 mm <br />0.0085 m <br />) +
stellate-tomentose +  and stellate-hispidulous +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.64 cm6.4 mm <br />0.0064 m <br />) +
septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
stellate-tomentose +
fringed;broadly depressed-ovoid;broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoid +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
distinct +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.52 cm5.2 mm <br />0.0052 m <br />) +
obtriangular +
1.6mm;2mm +
Texas burstwort +
barrel--shaped +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
simple-hirsutulous +
oblongelliptic +, elliptic +  and flat +
Tex. +, Mexico (Coahuila) +, Mexico (Nuevo León) +  and Mexico (Tamaulipas) +
pale-yellow +
20–700 m +
chlorophyllous +
v--shaped +
large-pitted +
not fissured +
rigid +  and corneous +
sparse;copious +
membranaceous +
0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br /> (0.38 cm3.8 mm <br />0.0038 m <br />) +
dilated +  and compressed +
0.5mm;0.6mm +
actinomorphic +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br /> (0.56 cm5.6 mm <br />0.0056 m <br />) +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
parted +, 5-lobed +  and 5-angled +
conspicuous +
stipitate +, 5-carpellate +  and syncarpous +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Upland prairies, juniper-oak woodlands, Tamaulipan scrub or chaparral, salt-marsh borders, coastal dunes, on granite, limestone, or dry, calcareous soil, clay-loams or black silt, rocky hillsides, streambeds, canyons +
antisepalous +, leaf-opposed +, terminal +  and axillary +
connate +  and distinct +
flattened +, obovate +  and concave +
lobed +  and unlobed +
distichous +  and alternate +
deltate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
simple-setose +
simple-bristled +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
1.8mm;2.4mm +
amphitropous +, anatropous +, horizontal +  and ascending +
6 +  and 14 +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
5 +  and 4 +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Flowering and fruiting Mar–Nov. +
Gen. Amer. Bor. +
expanded +
septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
crescentiform-reniform +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
triangular +  and obtuse +
0.62 cm6.2 mm <br />0.0062 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
usually ascending;erect +
stellate-tomentose +
ascending +  and erect +
inconspicuous +
papillate +
filiform +, 1-dentate +  and terete +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
triangular +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
persistent +
filiform +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Mallow +
Hermannia texana +
Hermannia +
species +
stellate-pubescent +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
5mm;7mm +
prostrate +  and erect +
densely stellate-tomentose +  and glabrescent +