Geum canadense

Jacquin

Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 82, plate 175. 1772–1773.

Common names: White avens benoîte du Canada
Synonyms: Geum camporum Rydberg G. canadense var. brevipes Fernald G. canadense var. camporum (Rydberg) Fernald & Weatherby G. canadense var. grimesii Fernald & Weatherby G. canadense var. texanum Fernald & Weatherby
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 68. Mentioned on page 61, 69, 70.

Plants leafy-stemmed. Stems 30–100 cm, glabrate to downy, hairs to 1.5 mm, sometimes glandular. Leaves: basal 10–25 cm, blade simple or pinnate, major leaflets 3–5, plus 0–4 minor basal ones, terminal leaflet larger than major laterals; cauline 3–8 cm, stipules ± free, 4–13 × 1–7 mm, blade 3-foliolate or simple and 3-lobed to unlobed. Inflorescences 3–15-flowered. Pedicels densely hairy, hairs of varying lengths, few long stiff ones, sometimes glandular. Flowers erect; epicalyx bractlets 0.5–1.5 mm; hypanthium green; sepals spreading but soon reflexed, 3–6 mm; petals spreading, white, obovate to oblong, (3–) 4–8 mm, ± equal to or slightly longer than sepals, apex rounded. Fruiting tori sessile, densely bristly, hairs 1–2.3 mm. Fruiting styles geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 2–8 mm, apex hooked, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy or stipitate-glandular, distal segment deciduous, 1–2 mm, pilose in basal 1/2, hairs much longer than diam. of style. 2n = 42.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat: Lowlands and upland forests, meadows, along streams, thickets, bottomland hardwoods, swamps
Elevation: 0–600 m

Distribution

V9 100-distribution-map.jpg

Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico (Chiapas)

Discussion

Varieties and forms have been described in an effort to classify the variation encompassed in Geum canadense. In the eastern half of the United States, it is by far the most common, widespread, and variable of the Geum species. Nearly all writers of recent floras have not found it worthwhile to apply names to the variants. Perhaps the most distinctive and worthy of further consideration are plants from the southwestern corner of the range in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. These plants, some of which fit Fernald and Weatherby’s description of var. texanum, bloom from late March through May, significantly earlier than the rest of the species, which typically flowers after June first, even in the other southern states.

Geum canadense hybridizes with G. urbanum (= G. ×catlingii J.-P. Bernard & R. Gauthier); see discussion under 15. G. urbanum.

Geum album J. F. Gmelin is a superfluous name that pertains here.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thin" is not a number."elongating" is not a number. "elongating" is not a number.

... more about "Geum canadense"
stipitate-glandular +, hairy +  and glabrous +
hooked;rounded +
Joseph R. Rohrer +
Jacquin +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
simple +, 3-foliolate +  and pinnate +
3-lobed +  and unlobed +
coriaceous +
free +  and distinct +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
White avens +  and benoîte du Canada +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and Mexico (Chiapas) +
not +  and aggregated +
0–600 m +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
tapered +, ovoid +  and fusiform +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
Lowlands and upland forests, meadows, along streams, thickets, bottomland hardwoods, swamps +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
saucer-shaped +  and cupshaped +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +
odd-pinnate +, lyrate-pinnate +, 3-foliolate +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
winter-persistent +
cauline +  and basal +
cordate +, reniform +, orbiculate +, oblanceolate +, obovate +, oblong +, elliptic +  and rhombic +
palmate +  and pinnate +
crenate +, dentate +, laciniate +, 2-7-lobed +, flat +, lobed +, toothed +  and entire +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
purple-veined +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
free +  and distinct +
more or less equal to or slightly longer +
obovate;oblong +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Flowering spring–summer. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Hort. Bot. Vindob. +
not arillate +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
reflexed +  and spreading +
deltate-lanceolate +, deltate-ovate +  and deltate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
free +  and distinct +
glabrate;downy +
1 +  and 5 +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
palmate +  and pinnate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
ovate;lanceolate;ovate;lanceolate;linear +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
geniculate-jointed +  and entire +
persistent +
distinct +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
hairy +  and glabrous +
not hooked +  and hooked +
accrescent +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Geum camporum +, G. canadense var. brevipes +, G. canadense var. camporum +, G. canadense var. grimesii +  and G. canadense var. texanum +
Geum canadense +
species +
inconspicuous +
hemispheric +  and cylindric +
enlarged +
geniculate-jointed +  and sessile +
hairy +  and glabrous +