Gemmabryum dichotomum

(Hedwig) J. R. Spence & H. P. Ramsay

Phytologia 87: 66. 2005.

Basionym: Bryum dichotomum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 183, plate 42, figs. 8–12. 1801
Synonyms: B. bicolor Dickson Gemmabryum bicolor (Dickson) J. R. Spence
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 134. Mentioned on page 133, 135, 144.

Plants green or yellow-green. Stems 0.5–1 (–2) cm, gemmiform to evenly foliate. Leaves ovatelanceolate to ovate, weakly concave, 0.5–1.5 (–2) mm; margins revolute proximally; apex acute to acuminate; costa percurrent to rarely short-excurrent; proximal laminal cells abruptly quadrate to short-rectangular, 1–2: 1; medial and distal cells 8–12 (–16) µm wide, 3–4: 1. Specialized asexual reproduction by leaf-axil bulbils, bulbils 1 (or 2) per axil, elongate-ovate, 250–750 µm, primordia present, broadly triangular, acute, arising from just below mid bulbil or near base. Capsule nutant, purple-red at maturity, 1–3 (–4) mm; hypophysis somewhat thickened, not distinctly inflated, not or weakly rugose; peristome well developed; endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane high, segments well developed, perforations ovate, cilia long, appendiculate.


Phenology: Capsules mature Apr–Jul (spring–summer).
Habitat: Dry to moist soil, soil over rock
Elevation: low to high elevations (0-2000 m)

Distribution

V28 211-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., N.B., Ont., Que., Sask., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Mo., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., s South America, Eurasia, n Africa, Atlantic Islands (Macronesia), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia

Discussion

Gemmabryum dichotomum is a widespread species exhibiting a temperate bipolar distribution. The Southern Hemisphere material, G. dichotomum in the strict sense, has plants that are larger than Northern Hemisphere material that has traditionally gone under the name of Bryum bicolor but are otherwise similar. Ecologically, plants like those in the Southern Hemisphere are much more common and often dominant in Antarctic to subantarctic tundra vegetation, while typical Northern Hemisphere plants are primarily temperate in distribution.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"narrower" is not a number."narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Gemmabryum dichotomum"
acute;acuminate +
John R. Spence +
(Hedwig) J. R. Spence & H. P. Ramsay +
reduced +
curved +  and straight +
not decurrent +
Bryum dichotomum +
elongate-ovate +
cucullate +
not zygomorphic +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
long-exserted +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
quadrate +
appendiculate +
percurrent +  and rarely short-excurrent +
subpercurrent +
inflated +
hexagonal;rhomboidal +
Alta. +, B.C. +, N.B. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Mo. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, s South America +, Eurasia +, n Africa +, Atlantic Islands (Macronesia) +, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +  and Australia +
low to high elevations (0-2000 m) +
hyaline;pale-yellow +
not adherent +
yellow +  and brown +
Dry to moist soil, soil over rock +
not +  and differentiated +
polyoicous +, monoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
concave +, ovatelanceolate +  and ovate +
vegetative +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
multistratose +, 2-stratose +  and 1-stratose +
plane +  and strongly revolute +
1 (?) +, 3 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
rhomboidal +  and elongate-hexagonal +
short-rectangular +  and quadrate +
rostrate +, apiculate +, short-conic +  and long-convex +
lateral +  and terminal +
lateral +  and terminal +
diplolepidous-alternate +
Capsules mature Apr–Jul (spring–summer). +
acute +  and triangular +
abruptly quadrate +  and short-rectangular +
differentiated +
red +, brown +  and redbrown +
smooth;papillose +
synoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
synoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
flexuose +  and straight +
not geniculate +
light-brown +
germinating +
differentiated +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
gemmiform +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
B. bicolor +  and Gemmabryum bicolor +
Gemmabryum dichotomum +
Gemmabryum sect. Gemmabryum +
species +
acuminate;lanceolate +
distinct +
several +  and common +
straight +
specialized +
sinuate +
incrassate +
yellow-green +  and green +