Erythranthe arvensis

(Greene) G. L. Nesom

Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. 2012.

Common names: Villous-bracted monkeyflower
Illustrated
Basionym: Mimulus arvensis Greene Pittonia 1: 37. 1887
Synonyms: M. guttatus subsp. arvensis (Greene) Munz M. guttatus var. arvensis (Greene) A. L. Grant M. guttatus subsp. micranthus (A. Heller) Munz M. langsdorffii var. arvensis (Greene) Jepson M. longulus Greene M. micranthus A. Heller
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 420. Mentioned on page 376, 377, 416, 421, 422, 423.

Annuals, taprooted or fibrous-rooted, sometimes rooting at proximal cauline nodes if decumbent. Stems erect to decumbent-ascending, simple or branched from proximal to medial nodes, usually 4-angled, fistulose to very narrow, 5–70 cm, glabrous, sometimes minutely hirtellous in inflorescence, hairs deflexed, eglandular. Leaves basal and cauline or basal not persistent, often largest at mid-stem or above, reduced in size distally; petiole 3–20 (–90) mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate, oblong-ovate, or (middle and distal cauline) broadly orbicular to depressed-ovate or nearly reniform, (5–) 10–35 (–45) × 6–26 (–50) mm, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base rounded to truncate, subcordate, or shallowly cordate, margins denticulate or subentire to distinctly dentate, on larger plants proximal characteristically lacerate-lobed to pinnatifid at margin base, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous except for bracts densely villous abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, hairs long, sometimes vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular. Flowers plesiogamous, 3–8 (–16), from remote distal nodes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Fruiting pedicels 5–40 (–90) mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous. Fruiting calyces red-dotted or not, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7–) 9–14 mm, minutely hirtellous, throat closing or not, remaining open, lobes upcurving weakly, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate. Corollas yellow, usually red-spotted, weakly bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, (7–) 8–12 mm, exserted (0–) 1–2 (–3) mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5–10 mm. Styles glabrous. Anthers included, glabrous. Capsules included, stipitate, (5–) 6–7 mm. 2n = 28.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun(–Jul).
Habitat: Hills, ridges, clay banks, stream banks, moist woods.
Elevation: 30–1900(–2300) m.

Distribution

B.C., Calif., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Mexico (Baja California)

Discussion

Erythranthe arvensis usually is easily recognized, characterized by its annual duration (but commonly rooting at proximal cauline nodes, suggestive of a rhizomatous habit), glabrous stems with nodes relatively few and remotely spaced, depressed-ovate leaves with margins often sublyrate (lacerate-lobed to subpinnatifid) at the base, distal leaves and bracts densely villous with vitreous eglandular hairs, other leaves glabrous, and corollas varying in size from relatively small but perhaps chasmogamous (the type of Mimulus arvensis) to even smaller (cleistogamous; the type of M. micranthus). The breeding system is consistently autogamous. The relatively short and even-sized calyx lobes that do not turn upward to close the orifice have been considered diagnostic of E. arvensis. This feature is evident in some plants, but others (perhaps reflecting gene flow from other species) have a longer adaxial calyx lobe and abaxial lobes that turn upward variably.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Erythranthe arvensis"
not distinctly longer +
loculicidal +
rounded +
Guy L. Nesom +  and Naomi S. Fraga +
(Greene) G. L. Nesom +
rosulate +  and subrosulate +
not persistent +
rounded;truncate subcordate or shallowly cordate +
Mimulus arvensis +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
ovate;orbicular orbicular-ovate oblong-ovate or broadly orbicular +
not leathery +  and semifleshy +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
compressed +, inflated +  and tubular +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Villous-bracted monkeyflower +
regular +, bilabiate +  and symmetric +
red-spotted;yellow +
compressed +
auriculate-subclasping +
B.C. +, Calif. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +  and Mexico (Baja California) +
30–1900(–2300) m. +
hairy +  and glabrous +
nodding;spreading;nodding;spreading;erect +
cleistogamous +  and chasmogamous +
reduced +
Hills, ridges, clay banks, stream banks, moist woods. +
multicellular +  and eglandular +
flattened +
alternate +, opposite +, rosulate +  and subrosulate +
not persistent +
basal +  and cauline +
largest +
expanded +
3 (?) +  and Not 5 (?) +
mostly triangular;deltate +
reduced +  and longer +
characteristically lacerate-lobed +  and pinnatifid +
basal +  and superior +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
orthotropous +  and anatropous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun(–Jul). +
Phytoneuron +
flattened +  and ellipsoid +
3 +  and 5 +
Illustrated +
proximal +  and middle +
branched +  and simple +
erect;decumbent-ascending +
hirtellous +  and glabrous +
fistulose +  and 4-angled +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
M. guttatus subsp. arvensis +, M. guttatus var. arvensis +, M. guttatus subsp. micranthus +, M. langsdorffii var. arvensis +, M. longulus +  and M. micranthus +
Erythranthe arvensis +
Erythranthe +
species +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
not +  and closing +
rooting +, fibrous-rooted +  and taprooted +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
compressed +, inflated +  and ovate-campanulate +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
perennial +  and annual +
herb +  and subshrub +
terrestrial +  and aquatic +
semiaquatic +  and terrestrial +
9 +, 8 +  and 7 +