Epipactis gigantea

Douglas ex Hooker

Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 202, plate 202. 1839.

Common names: Chatterbox stream orchid giant helleborine
Synonyms: Amesia gigantea (Douglas ex Hooker) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride Helleborine gigantea (Douglas ex Hooker) Druce
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 585.

Plants to 1.4 m, essentially glabrous. Leaves 4–14, ovate, ovate-elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 5–20 × 2–7 cm. Inflorescences lax racemes; floral bracts lanceolate to oblong, 7–127 mm. Flowers 2–32, rather showy; sepals greenish to rose-colored with rose-colored to purple veins; lateral sepals 16–24 × 8–9 mm, apex very oblique; petals pale-pink to rose-colored to orange with red or purple veins, broadly ovate to ovatelanceolate, 13–17 × 6–8 mm; lip marked with red or purple, strongly veined, distinctly 3-lobed, constricted at middle into 2 parts, proximal part papillose, calli red, minute, warty, lateral lobes prominent subtriangular wings, distal part linear-oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate, grooved to tip, 14–20 mm, calli near base, erect, orange or yellow, winglike; column erect, short, stout, with pair of lateral processes, 5–10 × 3 mm; anther green; pollinia 2 pairs, yellow, soft. Capsules ellipsoid, glabrate or sparsely pubescent, 20–25 mm. 2n = 40.


Phenology: Flowering throughout summer (Mar–Aug).
Habitat: Wet gravelly and sandy stream shores and bars, may occur in riparian willow, box elder, and river birch woodlands or in chaparral, seepages, marshes, wet cliffs, hot springs
Elevation: 0–3000 m

Distribution

V26 1195-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Okla., Oreg., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Mexico, Asia (China), Asia (India), Asia (s Japan), Asia (Tibet)

Discussion

Two very distinct color forms of this species have been published: Epipactis gigantea forma rubrifolia P. M. Brown, with deep red stems and leaves, and E. gigantea forma citrina P. M. Brown, with lemon-yellow flowers. Both are known from California.

The occurrence of this wide-ranging species in India and Tibet is based on Epipactis royaleana Lindley ex Royle being given as a synonym in a study of the Monocotyledoneae of Karakorum (W. B. Dickoré 1995) and an embryologic study (S. P. Vij et al. 1999).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Epipactis gigantea"
self-pollination +
Paul Martin Brown +  and George W. Argus +
Douglas ex Hooker +
indehiscent +
not +  and articulate +
conduplicate +  and plicate +
flattened +, triangular +  and cylindric +
yellow +, orange +  and red +
pubescent +  and glabrate +
ellipsoid +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +  and 2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (?) +
5mm +  and 10mm +
Chatterbox +, stream orchid +  and giant helleborine +
linear-oblanceolate +  and narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
B.C. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, Asia (China) +, Asia (India) +, Asia (s Japan) +  and Asia (Tibet) +
0–3000 m +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (12.7 cm127 mm <br />0.127 m <br />) +
pendent +  and spreading +
obovoid;ellipsoid +
Wet gravelly and sandy stream shores and bars, may occur in riparian willow, box elder, and river birch woodlands or in chaparral, seepages, marshes, wet cliffs, hot springs +
lateral +  and terminal +
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
petiolate +, sessile +  and simple +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +  and 20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (?) +
cauline +  and basal +
4 (?) +  and 14 (?) +
ovate-elliptic +  and narrowly lanceolate +
reduced +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
purple +  and red +
3-lobed +
constricted +
differing in form and color +
1-many-flowered +  and cymose +
pendent +  and erect +
pale-pink +  and rose-colored +
13mm;17mm +
broadly ovate;ovatelanceolate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Flowering throughout summer (Mar–Aug). +
deeply concave +  and saccate +
Fl. Bor.-Amer. +
aerial +  and subterranean +
minute +
greenish +  and rose-colored +
free +, distinct +, adnate +  and connate +
concave +, ovate +  and ovatelanceolate +
foliaceous +
not +  and alike +
pendent +  and erect +
proliferous +
thickened +  and stout +
concave +  and convex +
Amesia gigantea +  and Helleborine gigantea +
Epipactis gigantea +
Epipactis +
species +
purple +, red +  and rose-colored +
aquatic +, lithophytic +, terrestrial +  and epiphytic +
saprophytic +, photosynthetic +  and mycotrophic +
subtriangular +