Echinochloa crus-pavonis

Common names: Gulf barnyard grass
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 398.

Plants annual or short-lived perennials. Culms 30-150 cm; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, often purplish; ligules absent; blades 12-60 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, glabrous. Panicles 10-30 cm, erect or drooping, nodes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes glabrous; primary branches to 14 cm, nodes sometimes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes usually glabrous; secondary branches to 3 cm. Spikelets 2.5-3.4 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity. Upper glumes subequal to the spikelets; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 3-10 (15) mm, curved; lower paleas absent, vestigial, or well-developed; upper lemmas narrowly elliptic, not or scarcely exceeding the upper glumes, acute or obtuse, with a well-differentiated, early-withering tip, glabrous or pubescent at the base of the tip, hairs not forming a line across the base; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm. Caryopses 1.2-1.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide; embryos 50-70% as long as the caryopses. 2n = 36.

Distribution

Puerto Rico, Md., Kans., Okla., N.Mex., Tex., La., Calif., Ala., Oreg., Ark., Fla., Miss., Mo., Ariz., Colo., Utah, Nev.

Discussion

Echinochloa crus-pavonis is a native species found in scattered locations from British Columbia to Arizona, east to Florida, and south into South America. It favors marshes and wet places at lower elevations, often being found in the water.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Lower paleas more than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually drooping Echinochloa crus var. crus-pavonis
1 Lower paleas absent or much less than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually stiffly erect Echinochloa crus var. macera

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Echinochloa crus-pavonis"
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
elongate +
membranous +  and firm +
anatomy +  and kranz +
P.W. Michael +
P. Beauv. +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (?) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
linear +  and linear-lanceolate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
subsessile +, compound +  and simple +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
spheroid +, ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
sometimes longer +
Gulf barnyard grass +
branched +  and solid +
erect +  and decumbent +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
Puerto Rico +, Md. +, Kans. +, Okla. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Oreg. +, Ark. +, Fla. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Ariz. +, Colo. +, Utah +  and Nev. +
0.7-0.9 times as long as the caryopses +
capillary +
germination +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
unequal +
membranous +
papillose-based +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
solid +  and hollow +
cauline +  and basal +
coriaceous +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
1/4 +  and 2/5 +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
hispid +  and glabrous +
2 +  and 1 +
subterranean +
drooping +  and erect +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
elongate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
compressed +
disarticulating +
in triplets +  and paired +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.34 cm3.4 mm <br />0.0034 m <br />) +
1 +  and 60 +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
planoconvex +
1.2mm +  and 1.4mm +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Echinochloa crus-pavonis +
Echinochloa +
species +
early-withering +
well-differentiated +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
obtuse +  and not acute +
short-lived +  and annual +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +