Diplotaxis muralis

(Linnaeus) de Candolle

Syst. Nat. 2: 634. 1821.

Common names: Annual or stinking wall-rocket stink-weed cross-weed sand-rocket wall-mustard
WeedyIntroducedIllustrated
Basionym: Sisymbrium murale Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 658. 1753
Synonyms: Sinapis muralis (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 433. Mentioned on page 432.

Annuals or perennials, (short-lived, frequently scapose or subscapose, taprooted), strongly scented (with glucosinolates). Stems ascending to suberect, (0.5–) 2–5 (–6) dm, moderately pubescent (trichomes predominantly patent basally, retrorse distally to near racemes). Basal leaves (rosulate); blade elliptic to obovate, 2–9 cm × 10–35 mm, margins sinuate to pinnatifid, lyrate, [2–4 (–6) lobes each side], (margins and veins glabrescent to sparsely pubescent). Cauline leaves shortly petiolate to sessile; blade margins entire or dentate. Fruiting pedicels (3–) 8–20 (–37) mm. Flowers: sepals 3–5.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous, trichomes straight; petals yellow, 5–8 (–10) × 3–5 mm; filaments 3.5–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm; gynophore obsolete or to 0.5 mm. Fruits erect-patent, (1.5–) 2–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; terminal segment beaklike, (1–) 1.5–3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20–36 per ovary). Seeds 0.9–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm. 2n = 42.


Phenology: Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat: Waste ground, disturbed or cultivated soil, ballast places, wharves, roadsides, railroads, around buildings, grazed grasslands
Elevation: 80-2000 m

Distribution

V7 650-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Alta., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Tex., Utah, Wis., Eurasia, Africa, also in Mexico (Coahuila), also in Mexico (Nuevo León), West Indies (Bahamas), Bermuda, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia

Discussion

Diplotaxis muralis was introduced from Europe as a ballast plant in the last century and may have failed to persist in some of the recorded provinces and states. It is an allopolyploid arisen from D. tenuifolia and the Eurasian D. viminea (Linnaeus) de Candolle with 2n = 20 (M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo and J. B. Martínez-Laborde 1991; K. Mummenhoff et al. 1993; G. Eschmann-Grupe et al. 2003). There does not seem to be a sound basis for attributing D. viminea to the flora area, as done by V. I. Dorofeev (1998), because most specimens cited by him belong, in fact, to D. muralis.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Diplotaxis muralis"
oblong +  and ovate +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Juan B. Martínez-Laborde +
(Linnaeus) de Candolle +
not +  and rosulate +
Sisymbrium murale +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
not +  and auriculate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3.7 cm37 mm <br />0.037 m <br />) +
pinnatisect +, sinuate +  and dentate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
elliptic;obovate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
shortly petiolate +  and sessile +
well-developed +
distinct +
not +  and differentiated +
Annual or stinking wall-rocket +, stink-weed +, cross-weed +, sand-rocket +  and wall-mustard +
emarginate +  and entire +
incumbent +, accumbent +  and conduplicate +
Alta. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Fla. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Wis. +, Eurasia +, Africa +, also in Mexico (Coahuila) +, also in Mexico (Nuevo León) +, West Indies (Bahamas) +, Bermuda +, South America +, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +  and Australia +
80-2000 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
erect-patent +
terete +  and segmented +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
stipitate +  and sessile +
0-0.5 mm +  and obsolete +
Waste ground, disturbed or cultivated soil, ballast places, wharves, roadsides, railroads, around buildings, grazed grasslands +
sessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
cauline +  and basal +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate +  and entire +
lyrate;sinuate;pinnatifid +
median +  and lateral +
cylindrical +  and cushionlike +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
rudimentary +
obovate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Flowering spring–fall. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
reflexed +  and ascending +
stout +  and slender +
not +  and mucilaginous +
not +  and mucilaginous +
white +, black +, brown +  and yellow +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
ellipsoid +  and ovoid +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
2 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
terete +, torulose +, list +  and count +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
ascending +  and spreading +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
reduced +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
terete +  and segmented +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
terete +  and segmented +
Weedy +, Introduced +  and Illustrated +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
ascending +  and suberect +
2-lobed +  and decurrent +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
Sinapis muralis +
Diplotaxis muralis +
Diplotaxis +
species +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
scale-like +  and forked +
coiled +, 1-7-veined +  and veined +
anastomosing +
scapose +  and not +
perennial +  and annual +
glabrous +, pubescent +  and glabrescent +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
21 +, [13 +, 11 +, 10 +, 9 +, [8 +  and 7 +