Cystopteris tenuis

(Michaux) Desvaux

6: 264. 1827.

Common names: Mackay's brittle fern cystoptère ténue
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Nephrodium tenue Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 269. 1803
Synonyms: Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi G. Lawson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Stems creeping, not cordlike, internodes short, beset with old petiole bases, hairs absent; scales tan to light-brown, lanceolate, radial walls thin, luminae tan. Leaves monomorphic, clustered at stem apex, to 40 cm, nearly all bearing sori. Petiole dark at base, mostly green to straw-colored distally, shorter than or nearly equaling blade, base sparsely scaly. Blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1 (–2) -pinnate-pinnatifid, widest at or just below middle, apex short-attenuate; rachis and costae lacking gland-tipped hairs or bulblets; axils of pinnae lacking multicellular, gland-tipped hairs. Pinnae typically at acute angle to rachis, often curving toward blade apex, margins crenulate; proximal pinnae pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid, ± equilateral, basiscopic pinnules not enlarged; basal basiscopic pinnules sessile, base cuneate to obtuse, distal pinnae ovate to narrowly elliptic. Veins directed into teeth and notches. Indusia ovate to cupshaped, without gland-tipped hairs. Spores spiny, usually 39–50 µm. 2n = 168.


Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall.
Habitat: Mostly on shaded rock and cliff faces but also occasionally on forest floors
Elevation: 0–2800 m

Distribution

V2 663-distribution-map.gif

N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ark., Ariz., Conn., Del., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Long recognized as Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi, C. tenuis was returned to species status by R. C. Moran (1983b). It is probably an allotetraploid originating from C. protrusa and an extinct diploid related to C. fragilis (C. H. Haufler 1985; C. H. Haufler and M. D. Windham 1991).

Cystopteris tenuis is common in eastern North America and less frequent at the northern and western perimeter of its range. In the center of its distribution (Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania), the narrow, elliptic pinnae angled toward the blade apex and the rounded teeth make C. tenuis relatively distinct from C. fragilis and C. protrusa (although the early season, sterile leaves of C. protrusa often resemble those of C. tenuis). In the west and especially in the northeast, C. tenuis and C. fragilis are difficult to distinguish. For the most part, C. fragilis is confined to higher latitudes and elevations than C. tenuis, but the two species can be sympatric and occasionally form sterile tetraploid hybrids. Cystopteris protrusa and C. tenuis are infrequently sympatric, but where they are, sterile triploid hybrids can occur. Hybrids between C. tenuis and C. tennesseensis are recognized as C. × wagneri (R. C. Moran 1983). Hybridization between C. tenuis and C. bulbifera has also been reported (R. C. Moran 1982b). This hybrid, C. × illinoensis R. C. Moran, is known only from the type and needs to be studied further.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"widest" is not a number."/3-3timeslengthofblades" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Cystopteris tenuis"
short-attenuate +
Christopher H. Haufler +, Robbin C. Moran +  and Michael D. Windham +
(Michaux) Desvaux +
multicellular +
persisting +
cuneate +  and obtuse +
Nephrodium tenue +
simple to commonly +
1(-2)-pinnate-pinnatifid;lanceolate;narrowly elliptic +
reduced +
membranaceous;herbaceous +
roundish +
Mackay's brittle fern +  and cystoptère ténue +
ovate +  and narrowly elliptic +
N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ark. +, Ariz. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0–2800 m +
often +  and glabrous +
Mostly on shaded rock and cliff faces but also occasionally on forest floors +
gland-tipped +
of uniseriate , multicellular hairs +
persistent +  and ephemeral +
ovate;cupshaped +
monomorphic +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
crenulate +
mostly green +  and straw-colored +
Sporulating summer–fall. +
not articulate +
not enlarged +
petiolulate +  and sessile +
pinnatifid +  and pinnate-pinnatifid +
reduced +  and not reduced +
Neues J. Bot. +
round +, cuplike +, hoodlike +, reniform +, falcate +  and linear +
2 +  and 3 +
tan;light-brown +
persistent +
lanceolate +
serrate;dentate;serrate;dentate +
cuneate +  and inequilateral +
discrete +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
reniform +  and oblong +
dictyostelic +, unbranched +  and branched +
creeping +  and erect +
not cordlike +
Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi +
Cystopteris tenuis +
Cystopteris +
species +
oblong +  and round +
on rock +  and terrestrial +
epiphytic +  and hemiepiphytic +