Cyperus iria

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

IntroducedIllustrated
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 166. Mentioned on page 146, 165.

Herbs, annual, cespitose. Culms trigonous, (5–) 20–60 cm × (0.2–) 0.6–2.4 mm, glabrous. Leaves (1–) 3–4, V-shaped, 15–40 cm × 3–6 mm. Inflorescences: spikes 2–5 (–8), oblong to ovoid, 2–10 cm × 3–12 mm; rays 4–8, to 11 cm; bracts (4–) 5 (–7), ascending at 45°, V-shaped, (1.5–) 8–30 (–50) cm × 1–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless (successive floral scales 0.7–0.9 mm apart). Spikelets 10–30, compressed, linear to ellipsoid, 4–20 × 1.5–2.1 mm; floral scales deciduous, (2–) 6–26, laterally brown to golden brown, edges clear, medially green, 5-ribbed, outermost ribs more noticeable than others, obovate to nearly orbiculate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, margins emarginate, apex with mucro 0.05–0.12 mm. Flowers: stamens 2 (–3); anthers (0.2–) 0.3–0.4 mm, connective tips reddish, less than 0.1 mm; styles less than 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.4 mm. Achenes brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.


Phenology: Fruiting summer–fall (Jul–Oct).
Habitat: Damp to moderately dry, disturbed soils
Elevation: 0–500 m

Distribution

V23 267-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.Y., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia

Discussion

Cyperus iria was first recorded in the New World from the southeastern United States in the 1840s.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Cyperus iria"
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br />) +
0.5mm;0.7mm +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
Gordon C. Tucker* +, Brian G. Marcks* +  and J. Richard Carter * +
Linnaeus +
persistent +  and deciduous +
decurrent +
w--shaped +  and keeled +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
v--shaped +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
scabridulous +
trigonous +
0.6mm;2.4mm +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Mexico +, Central America +, South America +, Asia +, Africa +  and Australia +
green +  and clear +
0–500 m +
laterally brown +  and golden brown +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Damp to moderately dry, disturbed soils +
subumbellate +  and capitate +
spreading +  and erect +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (?) +  and 40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (?) +
v--shaped +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.005 cm0.05 mm <br />5.0e-5 m <br /> (0.012 cm0.12 mm <br />1.2e-4 m <br />) +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Fruiting summer–fall (Jul–Oct). +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
antrorse +  and extrorse +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
conspicuous +
unequal +
4 +  and 8 +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
adventitious +
basal +  and proximal +
cylindric;compressed +
cylindric +
W2 +, W1 +, Introduced +  and Illustrated +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
oblong;ovoid +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
10 +  and 30 +
linear;ellipsoid +
1.5mm;2.1mm +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
2-3-fid +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br />) +
Undefined subg. Chlorocyperus +, Cyperus subg. Mariscus +  and Undefined subg. Papyrus +
Cyperus iria +
Cyperus subg. Cyperus +
species +
tuberous +, stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
herb +  and cespitose +