Carya tomentosa

(Poiret) Nuttall

Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 221. 1818.

Common names: Mockernut hickory
EndemicIllustrated
Basionym: Juglans tomentosa Poiret in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 504. 1798
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Trees, to 36 m. Bark dark gray, fissured or ridged. Twigs reddish-brown, stout, hirsute and scaly. Terminal buds tan (after early loss of outer scales), broadly ovoid, 8-20 mm, tomentose; bud-scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 3-5 dm; petiole 3-12 cm, petiole and rachis hirsute, with conspicuous large and small round peltate scales. Leaflets (5-) 7-9, lateral petiolules 0-2 mm, terminal petiolules 2-13 mm; blades ovate to elliptic or obovate, not falcate, 4-19 × 2-8 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, apex acute, rarely acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular, 2-8-rayed fasciculate and multiradiate hairs, and with large and small round peltate scales abundant, adaxially hirsute along midrib and major veins, puberulent with fasciculate hairs and scales in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 14 cm, stalks and bracts hirsute, scaly, apex of each bract with coarse hairs; anthers hirsute. Fruits reddish-brown, finely mottled, spheric to ellipsoid or obovoid, not compressed to compressed, 3-5 × 3-5 cm; husks rough, 4-10 mm thick, dehiscing to middle or nearly to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, spheric to ellipsoid, compressed, prominently to faintly 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet. 2n = 64.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Well-drained sandy soils, rolling hills and rocky hillsides, occasionally on limestone outcrops
Elevation: 0-900 m

Distribution

V3 921-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Both the mockernut hickory and the shagbark hickory were formerly known as Carya alba (Linnaeus) K. Koch [or Hicoria alba (Linnaeus) Britton], based on Juglans alba of Linnaeus. A. J. Rehder (1945) pointed out that the original circumscription included two taxa, and C. alba (J. alba) should therefore be rejected as ambiguous in favor of C. tomentosa and C. ovata, respectively.

Carya tomentosa hybridizes with C. texana (C. ×collina Laughlin) and is reported to hybridize with the diploid C. illinoinensis (C. ×schneckii Sargent).

Cherokee Indians used Carya tomentosa medicinally as an analgesic, especially as an aid for polio, and as an oral and a cold aid; the Delaware, as a gynecological aid and a tonic (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."broad" is not a number.

... more about "Carya tomentosa"
acuminate;acute +
Donald E. Stone +
(Poiret) Nuttall +
fissured +
Juglans tomentosa +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (19 cm190 mm <br />0.19 m <br />) +
not falcate;ovate;elliptic or obovate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
4-lobed +  and 2-6-lobed +
pedunculate +  and staminate +
elongate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
Mockernut hickory +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
0-900 m +
mottled;reddish-brown +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
spheric +  and ellipsoid or obovoid not compressed +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
not compressed +  and compressed +
Well-drained sandy soils, rolling hills and rocky hillsides, occasionally on limestone outcrops +
multiradiate +  and unicellular +
nearly +  and middle +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
hard +  and fibrous-fleshy +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
3-lobed +  and shield--shaped +
odd-pinnate +
aromatic +
rugulose +
spheric +  and ellipsoid compressed +
large +
2-carpellate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Flowering spring. +
homogeneous +
Gen. N. Amer. Pl. +
conspicuous +
small +  and large +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
puberulent;hirsute;hirsute +
winged +  and smooth +
Hicoria +
Carya tomentosa +
species +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
reddish-brown +
stout +  and slender +