Carex utriculata

Boott in W. J. Hooker

in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 221. 1839.

Common names: Carex utriculé
Illustrated
Synonyms: Carex laevirostris (Blytt ex Fries) Fries Carex rhynchophysa Fischer, C. A. Meyer & Avé-Lallemant
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 507. Mentioned on page 4, 493, 497, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506.

Plants colonial; rhizomes long. Culms trigonous in cross-section, 25–100 cm, smooth or somewhat scabrous-angled distally. Leaves: basal sheaths brown or lightly tinged with pinkish red, spongy-thickened; ligules as long as wide; blades pale to mid green, flat to broadly V-shaped, widest leaves 4.5–12 (–15) mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences 10–40 (–50) cm; proximal bract 12–55 (–75) cm, exceeding but not more than 2.5 times longer than inflorescence; proximal 2–5 spikes pistillate, erect or the proximal ascending, ca. 20–150-flowered, cylindric; terminal 2–5 spikes staminate, well elevated beyond summit of separate pistillate spikes. Pistillate scales lanceolate ovate, 2.6–5.5 (–7.6) × 0.8–1.7 (–2.1) mm, mostly shorter than perigynia, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, awnless (rarely acuminate-awned). Perigynia spreading, often green or straw colored, 9–15-veined, veins running into beak, ovate, (3.2–) 4–8.6 × 1.7–3 mm, apex contracted; beak (1–) 1.2–2.7 mm, bidentulate, smooth, teeth straight, 0.2–1.3 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes brown, symmetric, not indented, trigonous, smooth.


Phenology: Fruiting Jun–Aug.
Habitat: Open swamps, wet thickets, marshes, sedge meadows, bogs, fens, stream, pond, and lakeshores
Elevation: 0–3500 m

Distribution

V23 944-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, Eurasia

Discussion

Carex utriculata is abundant and variable and is often a dominant of wetlands in subarctic, boreal, and north-temperate wetlands. American authors usually treat the taxon as part of the variation of Carex rostrata, but it is a very different plant with a quite different leaf shape in cross section and very different leaf anatomy. Plants from the western and northern portions of the range often have perigynia strongly tinged with purple, though that coloration can also occur rarely elsewhere.

Rarely, Carex utriculata forms hybrids with C. exsiccata, C. hystericina, C. lacustris, C. pellita, C. rostrata, C. rotundata, C. saxatilis, and C. vesicaria. The hybrids are sterile and intemediate in morphology.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Carex utriculata"
trigonous;not indented +
not papillose +
acute;acuminate +
A. A. Reznicek +  and Bruce A. Ford +
Boott in W. J. Hooker +
tinged with pinkish red;brown +
not +  and fibrous +
truncate +  and rounded +
Vesicariae +
bidentulate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
emarginate +  and bidentate +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.27 cm2.7 mm <br />0.0027 m <br />) +
green +  and pale +
flat +  and broadly v-shaped +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
scale-like +  and leaflike +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Carex utriculé +
brown +, reddish-brown +  and reddish purple +
scabrous-angled +  and trigonous +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +  and Eurasia +
0–3500 m +
open +, pistillate +  and staminate +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Open swamps, wet thickets, marshes, sedge meadows, bogs, fens, stream, pond, and lakeshores +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
prophyllate +, pedunculate +  and pistillate +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
basal +  and cauline +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
straw colored +  and green +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Fruiting Jun–Aug. +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
55 cm550 mm <br />0.55 m <br /> (75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br />) +
2.5+ times longer than inflorescence +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (55 cm550 mm <br />0.55 m <br />) +
in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. +
adventitious +
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (0.76 cm7.6 mm <br />0.0076 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.21 cm2.1 mm <br />0.0021 m <br />) +
green +  and dark-brown +
basal +  and proximal +
ovate;lanceolate +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
septate-nodulose +
Illustrated +
pistillate +  and staminate +
1 +  and 3 +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
persistent +
2-3(-4)-fid +
Carex laevirostris +  and Carex rhynchophysa +
Carex utriculata +
Carex sect. Vesicariae +
species +
straight +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.86 cm8.6 mm <br />0.0086 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
plant +  and colonial +
4.5mm +  and 12mm +