Callitriche heterophylla

Pursh

Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 3. 1813.

Illustrated
Synonyms: Callitriche anceps Fernald C. bolanderi Hegelmaier C. deflexa var. austinii (Engelmann) Hegelmaier C. heterophylla subsp. bolanderi (Hegelmaier) Calder & Roy L. Taylor C. heterophylla var. bolanderi (Hegelmaier) Fassett
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 51. Mentioned on page 49, 50, 52.

Leaves connate at base, ± linear, tapering from near base or spatulate, 3.7–24.7 × 0.3–3.5 mm, 1+-veined. Stem and leaf scales present. Inflorescences: bracts caducous. Pedicels 0 mm in fruit. Flowers usually solitary; styles erect or spreading; pollen yellow. Schizocarps ± round, (0.4–) 0.5–0.9 (–1.2) × 0.5–1 (–1.2) mm, as long as wide; mericarps black, not swollen, not winged or winged only at apex, wings straight, 0.05–0.1 mm wide.


Phenology: Flowering Feb–Nov.
Habitat: Fast-flowing streams, backwaters, ditches, swamps, Sphagnum bogs, lakes, ponds, springs, seepages, seasonally damp soils in shade.
Elevation: 0–3000 m.

Distribution

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., Que., Yukon, Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., Wis., Mexico, West Indies (Antilles), Central America, South America, in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)

Discussion

Two varieties have been recognized in Callitriche heterophylla, with var. bolanderi distinguished on the basis of its schizocarps being larger (for example, N. C. Fassett 1951b); however, the size of the schizocarps overlaps widely, and measurements of schizocarps from throughout North America show that there is no clear geographical or ecological separation between plants with smaller fruit and those with larger fruit. Therefore, there is no justification for maintaining the distinction.

Populations of small plants with linear leaves from parts of Canada and Alaska have been separated as Callitriche anceps. However, these appear to represent the lower extremes of variation in C. heterophylla, and morphological characters do not justify maintaining the distinction.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Callitriche heterophylla"
Richard V. Lansdown +
alternate +, opposite +, whorled +, helical +  and subopposite +
not leathery +  and not fleshy +
ligulate +, unilabiate +, regular +, personate +  and bilabiate +
ovoid +, globular +, ellipsoid +, urceolate +, tubular +, cylindric +, less rotate +  and salverform +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Yukon +, Ala. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Mexico +, West Indies (Antilles) +, Central America +, South America +  and in Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +
drupe-like +
0–3000 m. +
curved +  and straight +
staminate +  and pistillate +
1 +  and 4 +
poricidal +, septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
Fast-flowing streams, backwaters, ditches, swamps, Sphagnum bogs, lakes, ponds, springs, seepages, seasonally damp soils in shade. +
decussate +  and opposite +
persistent +  and deciduous +
connate +
0.37 cm3.7 mm <br />0.0037 m <br /> (2.47 cm24.7 mm <br />0.0247 m <br />) +
spatulate +  and tapering +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
winged +  and not winged +
not swollen +
axile +  and parietal +
tenuinucellate +, unitegmic +  and hemitropous +
campylotropous +, hemianatropous +  and anatropous +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +
5 +  and 4 +
Flowering Feb–Nov. +
Fl. Amer. Sept. +
minute +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
red +, maroon +, black +, gray +, yellow +, brown +, tan +  and white +
ovoid +  and ellipsoid cylindric globular oblong conic disciform patelliform or angled +
distinct +  and connate +
5 +  and 4 +
Illustrated +
adnate +  and free +
climbing +  and scrambling +
supported by water , glabrous or bearing scales +  and creeping +
reclining;pendent;spreading;arching;erect;ascending;erect;ascending;decumbent +
spreading +  and erect +
Callitriche anceps +, C. bolanderi +, C. deflexa var. austinii +, C. heterophylla subsp. bolanderi +  and C. heterophylla var. bolanderi +
Callitriche heterophylla +
Callitriche +
species +
terrestrial +  and amphibious +
straight +
0.05mm;0.1mm +