familyOphioglossaceae
genusBotrychium
subgenusBotrychium subg. Sceptridium
sectionBotrychium sect. Sceptridium
speciesBotrychium biternatum

Botrychium biternatum

(Savigny) L. Underwood

Bot. Gaz. 22: 407. 1896.

Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner
Common names: Sparse-lobed grapefern southern grapefern
Endemic
Basionym: Osmunda biternata Savigny in Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 650. 1797
Synonyms: Botrychium dissectum var. tenuifolium (L.Underwood) Farwell Botrychium tenuifolium L.Underwood
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: John Myers

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Trophophore stalk 4–20 cm, 2–2.5 times length of trophophore rachis; blade green to dark green, plane, 2–3-pinnate, to 18 × 28 cm, herbaceous. Pinnae to 7 pairs, usually remote, horizontal, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, undivided except in proximal 2/3–1/2. Pinnules elongate, obliquely lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, margins nearly parallel and finely denticulate, apex short-acuminate, venation pinnate. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90.


Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing in late spring–early summer.
Habitat: Frequent in low woods and brushy fields
Elevation: 0–600 m

Distribution

V2 762-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Botrychium biternatum often grows with B. dissectum and B. jenmanii. The name B. biternatum was misapplied by L.Underwood to B. lunarioides (W.H. Wagner Jr. 1961).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Botrychium biternatum"
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2n chromosome quantity
90 +
Apex architecture or shape
pinnate +
Apex shape
short-acuminate +
Author
Warren H. Wagner Jr. +  and Florence S. Wagner +
Authority
(Savigny) L. Underwood +
Basionyms
Osmunda biternata +
Between pinnae pinna architecture or shape
undivided +
Between pinnae pinna arrangement or density
remote +
Between pinnae pinna orientation
horizontal +
Between pinnae pinna position
proximal +
Between pinnae pinna quantity
2/3 (1/2) +
Blade architecture
simple +  and 5-pinnate +
Blade architecture or shape
2-3-pinnate +
Blade coloration
green +  and dark green +
Blade growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Blade length
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
Blade presence
absent +
Blade quantity
1 +
Blade shape
plane +
Blade texture
leathery +  and herbaceous +
Blade width
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
Common name
Sparse-lobed grapefern +  and southern grapefern +
Distribution
Ala. +, Ark. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
Elevation
0–600 m +
Gametophyte architecture
unbranched +
Gametophyte coloration
not green +
Gametophyte length
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Gametophyte location
subterranean +
Gametophyte shape
ovate +
Gametophyte structure in adjective form
mycorrhizal +
Gametophyte texture
fleshy +
Gametophyte width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Gemma presence
absent +
Gemma shape
Spheric (?) +
Gemma size
minute +
Ground position relational
level +
Ground presence
absent +
Habitat
Frequent in low woods and brushy fields +
Hair architecture or arrangement
uniseriate +
Hair arrangement
scattered +
Hair length or size
long +
Hair some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Idioblast quantity
lacking +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Indument presence
absent +
Indument quantity
of widely scattered , long , uniseriate hairs +
Lateral branch quantity
few +
Lateral branch size or width
narrow +
Leaf-base architecture
open +
Leaf-base architecture or fixation
clasping +
Leaf-base fusion
fused +
Leaf-base shape
dilated +
Leaf atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Leaf primordium development
successive +
Leaf primordium position relational
surrounding +
Leaf primordium pubescence
hairy +
Leaf quantity
1 (?) +
Leaf reproduction
fertile +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin arrangement
parallel +
Margin shape
denticulate +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Phenology
Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing in late spring–early summer. +
Pinna division size
reduced +
Pinna orientation
spreading;ascending +
Pinna shape
Fan-shaped (?) +  and Lanceolate (?) +
Pinnule shape
obliquely lanceolate +  and narrowly lanceolate +
Plants perennial habitat
epiphytic +  and terrestrial +
Portion architecture
spore-bearing +  and laminate +
Portion nutrition
photosynthetic +
Portion reproduction
sterile +
Primordium pubescence
with long , uniseriate hairs +  and glabrous +
Publication title
Bot. Gaz. +
Publication year
1896 +
Rachis shape
flattened +
Rachis texture
not fleshy +
Rachis width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
Reference
None +
Ridge pubescence or texture
corky +
Root architecture
branching +
Root architecture or pubescence or relief
with corky ridges +  and smooth +
Root coloration
blackish +
Root diameter
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Root hair quantity
lacking +
Root location
1 +
Root quantity
10 +
Root reproduction
not proliferous +
Row quantity
2 +
Sheath condition
closed +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2 762.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Species architecture
branched +
Species quantity
1 +
Sporangium architecture
sessile +  and short-stalked +
Sporangium arrangement
Cluster (?) +
Sporangium diameter
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Sporangium position relational
embedded +
Sporangium prominence
exposed +
Spore architecture
thick-walled +  and trilete +
Spore quantity
1 +
Sporophore architecture
long-stalked +
Sporophore architecture or shape
1-2-pinnate +
Sporophore branch architecture or shape
pinnate +
Sporophore branch quantity
2 +
Sporophore height
high +
Sporophore length
2-3 times length of trophophore +
Sporophore life cycle
falling +
Sporophore orientation
arising +
Sporophore position relational
level +
Sporophore quantity
represented by hairy rudiment +
Sporophore structure in adjective form
sporangial +
Stalk quantity
common +
Stalk shape
flattened +
Stalk texture
not fleshy +
Stalk width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
Stem architecture
unbranched +  and simple +
Stem orientation
upright +
Stem thickness
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Surface architecture or shape
baculate +
Surface arrangement
network +
Surface fragility
delicate +
Surface fusion
joined +
Surface pubescence or relief
warty +
Surface relief
tuberculate +  and rugate +
Synonyms
Botrychium dissectum var. tenuifolium +  and Botrychium tenuifolium +
Taxon family
Ophioglossaceae +
Taxon name
Botrychium biternatum +
Taxon parent
Botrychium sect. Sceptridium +
Taxon rank
species +
Tissue architecture
vascular +
Trophophore architecture
long-stalked +
Trophophore blade architecture
Compound (Simple) +
Trophophore blade presence
absent +
Trophophore orientation
arising +  and erect +
Trophophore stalk length
2-2.5 times length of trophophore rachis +
Trophophore stalk some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
Vein architecture
anastomosing +
Vein arrangement
arranged +
Vein fusion
free +
Vein shape
pinnate +  and fan +
Volume
Volume 2 +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
45 +