Alnus incana subsp. rugosa

(Du Roi) R. T. Clausen

Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 291: 8. 1949.

Common names: Speckled alder tag alder swamp alder aulne blanchâtre
Endemic
Basionym: Betula alnus var. rugosa Du Roi Diss. Observ. Bot., 31. 1771
Synonyms: Alnus glauca Michaux Alnus incana var. americana Regel Alnus rugosa var. americana (Regel) Fernald Alnus rugosa var. rugosa (Fernald) Fernald Alnus rugosa var. tomophylla
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Shrubs, open, spreading, to 9 m. Bark dark grayish to reddish-brown, smooth; lenticels whitish, prominent, horizontal. Winter buds parallel to twig, ellipsoid, 3–7 mm, apex acute or obtuse; stalks 2–4 mm. Leaf-blade ovate to elliptic, 4–11 × 3–8 cm, firm, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margins usually coarsely doubly serrate, toothed to base, apex acute or short-acuminate to slightly obtuse; surfaces abaxially often glaucous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often more densely so on veins, slightly to not noticeably resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–4, 2–7 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–6. Infructescences ovoid, 1–1.7 × 0.8–1.2 cm; peduncles 1–5 mm. 2n = 28.


Phenology: Flowering early spring.
Habitat: Stream banks, lake shores, bogs, swamps, margins of wet fields, swales, and roadsides, often forming dense thickets
Elevation: 0–800 m

Distribution

V3 149-distribution-map.gif

St. Pierre and Miquelon, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Conn., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Alnus incana subsp. rugosa is an important shoreline and meadow colonizer in boreal and north temperate areas of the Canadian Shield, and a weedy successional species in damp areas along roadsides throughout its range. It overlaps in range and intergrades with A. incana subsp. tenuifolia to the west (in Saskatchewan and Manitoba) and with A. serrulata to the south. It is only slightly differentiated from the more treelike European A. incana subsp. incana.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
short-acuminate +  and slightly obtuse +
John J. Furlow +
(Du Roi) R. T. Clausen +
tanniferous +  and furrowed +
dark grayish +  and reddish-brown +
exfoliating +
cuneate +  and narrowly rounded +
Betula alnus var. rugosa +
2 +  and 3 +
ellipsoid +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
pistillate +  and staminate +
in relatively small racemose clusters +  and solitary +
solitary +, cluster +  and racemose +
erect +  and nearly pendulous +
proximal +  and lateral +
enclosed in buds +  and exposed +
ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
expanding +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Speckled alder +, tag alder +, swamp alder +  and aulne blanchâtre +
multibracteate +
St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Conn. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0–800 m +
pistillate +  and staminate +
reduced +  and small +
small +  and large +
Stream banks, lake shores, bogs, swamps, margins of wet fields, swales, and roadsides, often forming dense thickets +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
membranaceous +  and leathery +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
ovate;elliptic +
3-ranked +  and nearly 2-ranked +
unexpanded +  and enlarged +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
not obvious +  and defined +
membranaceous +
Flowering early spring. +
2(-3)-carpellate +
Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. +
1-seeded +  and 2-winged +
elliptic;obovate +
crowded +  and imbricate +
resin-coated +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2 +  and 3 +
expanding +
thicker +  and thin +
W1 +  and Endemic +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
nearly +  and distinct +
resin-coated +
glabrous;sparsely pubescent +
Alnus glauca +, Alnus incana var. americana +, Alnus rugosa var. americana +, Alnus rugosa var. rugosa +  and Alnus rugosa var. tomophylla +
Alnus incana subsp. rugosa +
Alnus incana +
subspecies +
excurrent +  and deliquescent +
differentiated +  and uniform +
irregular +
narrower +
tanniferous +
light +  and white +