Acalypha rhomboidea

Rafinesque

New Fl. 1: 45. 1836.

Common names: Rhombic or common threeseeded mercury ricinelle rhomboïde
WeedyIllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Rafinesque) Cooperrider
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 170. Mentioned on page 164, 171.

Herbs, annual, 1.5–6 dm, monoecious. Stems usually erect, sometimes ascending, usually sparsely pubescent, rarely sparsely hirsute. Leaves: petiole 0.4–7 cm; blade ovate to broadly rhombic, 2–9 × 0.8–5 cm, base obtuse, margins crenate to serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences bisexual, axillary; peduncle 0.1–0.6 cm, pistillate portion 0.7–1.5 (–2) × 1–2 (–2.5) cm or pistillate bract solitary, staminate portion 0.3–1 cm; allomorphic pistillate flowers rare, solitary in axils near base of stem. Pistillate bracts (normal flowers) loosely arranged to crowded (inflorescence axis clearly to scarcely visible between bracts) or solitary, 6–15 × 9–23 mm, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent and stipitate-glandular; lobes (5–) 7–9 (–11), lanceolate to triangular, 1/3–2/3 bract length; bracts of allomorphic flowers absent. Pedicels of allomorphic flowers 1–2 mm. Pistillate flowers: pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 1-carpellate (allomorphic flowers); styles multifid or laciniate. Capsules smooth, pubescent; allomorphic fruits obovoid, 2 × 1 mm, spiny, pubescent. Seeds (1.2–) 1.5–1.7 (–2) mm, minutely pitted.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat: Deciduous and evergreen woods, moist depressions, swampy areas, riverbanks, agricultural fields, disturbed areas.
Elevation: 0–1500 m.

Distribution

V12 297-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Acalypha rhomboidea often has been called A. virginica due to controversy about the typification of that name. Conservation of the type of A. virginica resolved the issue. This nomenclatural problem, combined with use of inappropriate characters to distinguish A. rhomboidea and A. virginica, has resulted in considerable confusion between these amply distinct species. The two can be distinguished most readily by the pistillate bracts, which are clearly hirsute abaxially in A. virginica but sparsely pubescent abaxially in A. rhomboidea. In addition, the bracts of A. virginica have (8–)10–14(–16) triangular lobes one fourth to one half the bract length, whereas those of A. rhomboidea have (5–)7–9(–11) lanceolate or triangular lobes one third to two thirds the bract length, and the stems of A. virginica usually are hirsute whereas the stems of A. rhomboidea are rarely so.

In the southern part of its range, many Acalypha rhomboidea plants have been confused with A. gracilens. These plants are more delicate than A. rhomboidea from farther north, with notably smaller pistillate bracts, and they usually produce allomorphic flowers, whereas more robust or northerly plants rarely do. They can be distinguished from A. gracilens by having relatively wider leaves and pistillate bracts with fewer lobes and no red sessile glands.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number.

... more about "Acalypha rhomboidea"
stipitate-glandular +  and pubescent +
acute;acuminate +
Geoffrey A. Levin +
Rafinesque +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
ovate;broadly rhombic +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
loosely arranged +  and crowded or solitary +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (?) +  and 2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br /> (?) +
thread-like +
Rhombic or common threeseeded mercury +  and ricinelle rhomboïde +
N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0–1500 m. +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
obovoid +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Deciduous and evergreen woods, moist depressions, swampy areas, riverbanks, agricultural fields, disturbed areas. +
drought-deciduous +  and persistent +
lanceolate;triangular +
palmate +  and pinnate +
dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
crenate +  and serrate +
allomorphic +, pistillate +  and staminate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
connate;distinct +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. +
1-carpellate +  and 3-carpellate +
staminate +  and pistillate +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
ellipsoid +  and subglobose +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
not petaloid +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
distinct +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Weedy +, Illustrated +  and Endemic +
ascending +  and erect +
hirsute +  and pubescent +
deciduous +  and persistent +
connate +  and distinct +
laciniate +  and multifid +
Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea +
Acalypha rhomboidea +
Acalypha +
species +
spikelike +